Informatics Publishing Limited

C. Gunalan ¹, S. Jeyarani ¹, M. Murugan ¹, S. Mohankumar ¹, S. Haripriya ¹, P. Saravan Kumar ², P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ²

Affiliations
1 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesseraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru 560 089, IN

Abstract

The rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), an invasive poly­phagous insect introduced into India in 2016, has threatened coconut and other crops. Natural infestation intensity data indicated, in order, the following most likely RSW hosts: Cocos nucifera L. (75.83%) > Dypsis lutescens H. Wendel (55.83%) > Annona squamosa L. (54.17%) > Musa paradisiaca L. (43.33%). A preference analysis of these four host plants showed that coconut was the most favoured (8.17 spirals per 30 cm2 and 33.04 eggs per spiral). Olfactometry of the headspace leaf volatiles revealed that C. nucifera (3.05 ± 0.27 min) and D. lutescens (1.67 ± 1.67 min) had longer residence durations and attracted more RSW females than the other hosts. According to principal component analysis, those potential hosts shared six volatile compounds, the most peculiar of which was 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Gas chromatography coupled electro­antennographic detection analysis revealed that 2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxolane, 2-propyl, butanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-methyl ester, m-ethyltoluene, p-dichlorobenzene and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol evoked consi­stent olfactory responses in RSW. More studies on these chemicals might help develop parakairomones for managing RSW

Keywords

Coconut, olfaction, pest management, principal component analysis, rugose spiralling whitefly, volatile organic compounds.

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M. Murugan ¹, K. K. Bairagi ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Forensic Medicine, Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College, Karaikal 609 609, IN

Abstract

Date rape is forced or coerced sex between; partners, dates, friends, friends of friends or general acquaintances. As there are many cases coming to lime light day by day, a quick overview of the common drugs and what specimen can be collected at what point of time is discussed in this paper.

Keywords

Date Rape, Drugs, Specimen.

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M. Nafeesa ¹, M. Murugan ¹, J. S. Remya ², T. T. Preethy ², Jins. K. Abraham ²

Affiliations
1 Cardamom Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Pampadumpara, Idukki 685 553, IN
2 Cardamom Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Pampadumpara, Idukki 685 553, IN

Abstract

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton; Zingiberaceae) is one of India’s most export oriented spices. Insect pests and diseases are major threats to the sustainable cultivation of cardamom in India, and this crop alone consumes 26.21 kg a.i. ha–1 of pesticides per year. Shoot and capsule borers, thrips and root grubs are the major insect pests, and capsule rot, clump rot and leaf blight are the major diseases demanding more pesticides in the cardamom production system. The frequency of pesticide application in the system is nearly three times more than the recommended frequency. Various management strategies are advocated to reduce the load of pesticides and their residues. By considering the unique nature of the agroforestry system, varietal replacement, shade and nutrient management, exploitation of bioagents, organic initiatives, cultural and mechanical methods, biotechnological approaches, judicious application of synthetic chemicals and use of less toxic pesticides are the available employable strategies to minimize the pesticide load in the production system. Proper integration and adoption of these strategies by farmers are imperative

Keywords

Cardamom hill reserves, intensification, integration, pesticide consumption, strategies.

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Ashok R. Khedkar ¹, Archana Maruti Thite ², M. Murugan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune-52, IN
2 Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune-52, IN
3 SRM Valliammai Engineering College, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203, IN

Abstract

Considering growing demand of higher capacity and high speed wireless applications, there is need of a promising data transmission technique which can provide us these benefits along with good quality of service. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the technique which achieves these benefits. But due to multipath fading, it is sensitive to frequency offset caused by Doppler Effect. This frequency offset causes Inter carrier Interference (ICI) and degrades the performance of the system. The side lobes of OFDM signal are main sources of ICI caused by frequency offset. Researchers have invented many techniques to mitigate this ICI by suppressing side lobes. In this paper, we have reviewed these existing methods of side lobe suppression and by comparing their results commented on good techniques that can be helpful for achieving better side lobe suppression.

Keywords

Frequency Offset, Inter Carrier Interference (ICI), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and Side Lobe Suppression.

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V. S. Hendre ¹, M. Murugan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Trinity College of Engineering & Research, Pune-412207, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Valliammai Engineering College, S.R.M. Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, IN

Abstract

The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture has been demonstrated to be an effective means to boost the capacity of wireless communication systems, and has evolved to become an inherent component of various wireless standards, including the next-generation cellular systems 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced and Cognitive Radio. This paper provides the broader information about the research efforts in recent years regarding the Antenna Selection (AS) techniques in MIMO and its impact on the system capacity as well as the received SNR. The impact of AS on the system performance varies depending on the selection criterion, underlying space-time (ST) code and channel model. The metrics that are normally considered in the performance analysis are the 'system capacity', the 'spatial diversity gain'(or diversity order) of the system, as well as the 'loss in coding gain' due to antenna selection. The review of several antenna selection techniques for Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) & Receive Antenna Selection (RAS) is provided with respect to different performance metrics. The issues related to closely spaced antennas such as correlated fading and mutual coupling are also discussed in the view of AS.

Keywords

Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO), Antenna Selection (As), Channel Capacity, Bit Error Rate, SNR, RAS, TAS, STBC, STTC.

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B. Bijukumar ¹, M. Murugan ¹, V. Ramachandran ¹, R. Jeyabharath ²

Affiliations
1 K S R College of Technology, Tiruchengode-637215, IN
2 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, K S R College of Technology, Tiruchengode-637215, IN

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to analyze the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive system with input shaping using classical control theory. In this paper, different values of damping ratio are used to understand the generalized drive performance. The transient response of the BLDC motor drive system is analyzed using time response analysis. The dynamic behavior and steady state performance of the BLDC motor drive system is judged and compared by its steady state error to various standard test signals. The relative stability of this drive system is determined by Bode Plot. These analysis spotlights that it is possible to obtain a finite-time setting response without oscillation in BLDC motor drive by applying input in four steps of different amplitude to the drive system. These analyses are helpful to design a precise speed control system and current control system for BLDC motor drive with fast response. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to perform the simulation.

Keywords

Brushless DC Motor (BLDC), Fast Speed Response, Input Shaping, Precise Speed Control and Stability Analysis.

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M. Murugan ¹, C. Uma Maheswara Reddy ², S. Vedhapal Jeyamani ¹, D. Babu Ananth ¹, K. Umasankar ¹

Affiliations
1 Maharaji College of Pharmacy, Chennai-600 090, IN
2 Sri Ramachandra College of Pharmacy, Chennai 600 116, IN

Abstract

Ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina varigata was carried out using soxhlet apparatus. The extract was evaluated for preliminary phytochemical studies, acute toxicity studies and hypoglycemic activity. Acute toxicity study revealed that the ethanolic leaf extract even at high dose (2000mg/ kg) produced no death and found to be safe. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in normal and alloxan induced diabetic mice. The chloroform fraction of the leaf extract was found to possess significant hypoglycemic activity when compared to standard Glibenclamide.

Keywords

Erythrina varigata, Hypoglycemic Activity, Diabetes Mellitus.

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Haider Nasreen ¹, S. Rajendra Boopathy ², M. Murugan ¹, S. Zubaida Kathoon Bee ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., B S A Crescent Engg. College, Chennai, IN
2 Dept. of Mech. Engg., College of Engg., Guindy, Chennai, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the simulation of orthogonal metal cutting of 6061 T6 Aluminium alloy using Hypermesh and LS-Dyna to study the effect of the edge radius on cutting forces and chip formation. The constitutive material model Elastic Plastic Hydrodynamic was used to model the work piece. The capability of this model to predict cutting forces, shear angle and chip curvature was investigated. Design of Experiments principle was used to study the effect of the parameters on cutting edge performance. The trends of the simulated results were in good agreement with the generally observed theoretical and experimental results. The model can also be used as a numerical tool for optimizing the edge radius. The effect of edge radius and other cutting conditions on the chip curl and the shear angle were also investigated.

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M. Murugan ¹, R. Ravi ², A. Anandhi ³, Sajan Kurien ⁴, M. K. Dhanya ¹

Affiliations
1 Cardamom Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Pampadumpara-685 553, IN
2 Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, IN
3 Biological Systems Engineering Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida-32307, US
4 College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur-680 553, IN

Abstract

Indian cardamom farming in the Cardamom Hill Reserves of Kerala has been considered one of the costliest production systems. Questionnaire survey and interviews with cardamom planters between 2008 and 2013 showed that the pesticides used in cardamom production is paradoxical. The reasons are closely associated with the unscrupulous use of pesticides which wiped out the natural enemies of pests and inefficacies of pesticides that led to dose enhancement. Climatic changes along with forest degradation and removal of shade have played a considerable role for increased pesticide consumption. The current perilous situation needs critical thinking to evolve pesticide reduction strategies.

Keywords

Forest Degradation, Organic Cardamom, Soil Temperature.

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S. Mohamed Nazeer ¹, M. Murugan ¹, S. Rasool Mohideen ¹, Y. V. N. Narasimma Moorthy ²

Affiliations
1 Dept of Mechanical Engg., BSA Crescent Engg. College, Chennai, IN
2 BHEL R&D Ltd, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

Cryogenic treatment is a process of treating materials, at temperatures well below 0°C to achieve improved mechanical properties. Cryogenic treatment was observed to enhance the mechanical properties of various materials like tool steels, bearing materials, carbon fiber composites and copper resistance welding electrodes. Application of cryogenic treatment as a post weld treatment to weldments is a new area to be studied. In the present investigation, 2.25 Cr 1 Mo low carbon low alloy steel weldments were cryogenically treated and their mechanical behavior evaluated. Changes in microhardness, Charpy V notch toughness and changes in the microstructure were studied. The performance of as welded, tempered, long cycle cryogenic treated and tempered and long cycle cryogenic treated weldments were compared. J-integral as a measure of fracture toughness of the weldments was computed and compared. The long cycle cryogenic treatment was found to result is substantial increase in impact toughness with the marginal reduction in micro hardness. At the micro structural level, that formation of acicular ferrite, grain refinement and precipitation of alloying elements were found to be the basic mechanisms responsible for the increased impact toughness.

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N. Muthukrishnan ¹, Varun Krishnakumar ², S. Kailash ³, K. Prahlada Rao ⁴, M. Murugan ⁵

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mech. Engg., Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, IN
2 GTRE (DRDO), Bangalore, IN
3 XLRI, Jamshedpur, IN
4 JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur, IN
5 BSA Crescent Engineering College, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aluminium Silicon Carbide (Al.SiC) metal matrix composite (MMC) materials have a set of mechanical and physical properties that are ideally suited for applications in aerospace, automobile industries. Despite the superior set of mechanical and physical properties, the usage of MMC's in industry is still limited owing to difficulties in machining. To overcome this barrier, this paper performs a thorough study about the machinability of Al-SiC (MMC) with PCD insert tool to establish machining guidelines.The focus of the investigation is to determine the optimum machining conditions by adjusting the spindle speeds, depth of cut and feed, and observing the corresponding behaviour of cutting force, surface imperfections, power consumed, and MRR. The worn out tool is subjected to microscopic analysis to evaluate the wear on the tool.On completion of the experimental test, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to validate the results obtained and also to predict the behaviour of the system under any condition within the operating range.

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T. Alwarsamy ¹, V. Selladurai ², P. Thangavel ², M. Murugan ³, A. Gopal Das ³

Affiliations
1 GCT, CBE, IN
2 CIT, CBE, IN
3 GCT Campus, Coimbatore-641013, IN

Abstract

In the turning operation, chatter or vibration is a frequent problem, which affects the surface finish and tool life. In all cutting operations like turning, boring and milling vibrations are induced due to the deformation of the workpiece, this implies economical disadvantage. The main objective of the proposed work is to design damped tool holder for existing machine tools with low cost fabrication techniques. In this investigation, improvement of the damping capability of boring tool and suppression of chatter vibration using lead damper and Impact damper are analyzed. The lead damper Inertia mass of the boring tool has been Increased to suppress the chatter vibration. In impact damper kinetic energy of free mass is dissipated. Finite element analysis is performed to study dynamic behavior of composite tool holder, the effects of overhang length of boring tool with lead damper, and the effects of impact damper in boring tool was investigated.

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M. Murugan ¹, M. Dorairajan ²

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620024, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Librarian, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620002, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This article examines students’ reading habits, their preferences and trends in traditional reading, i.e. books and other printed materials in the library in the digital era. The study was carried out in a reputed public school in South India, with a well stocked library and offering digital information access and services to the students and staff. The study is based on factual data downloaded from the computerised circulation data and data collected through a questionnaire. It was found that the habit of reading printed books has not been much affected by the digital era. Providing periodic exposure to the latest books to students, involving them in book selection and other motivating practices keeps the students’ book reading habits intact.

Keywords

Book Borrowing, Book Fair, Library Services, School Libraries, School Students, Reading Habits.

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